Pathology Question Bank - BPT 2nd Year

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Pathology Question Bank - BPT 2nd Year

1. Define cell injury. Classify with examples.

2. Differentiate between reversible and irreversible cell injury.

3. Describe the causes and morphology of necrosis.

4. What is apoptosis? How is it different from necrosis?

5. Define gangrene. Explain types with examples.

6. Write short notes on cellular adaptations (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, etc.).

7. Discuss fatty change (steatosis) in liver.

8. Define inflammation. Differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation.

9. Describe vascular events in acute inflammation.

10. Write about the cellular events in inflammation.

11. Enumerate chemical mediators of inflammation.

12. Explain granulomatous inflammation with examples.

13. Write short note on ulcer.

14. Define edema. Causes and pathogenesis.

15. What is abscess? Write its features.

16. Describe outcomes of acute inflammation.

17. Define exudate and transudate.

18. Explain the role of neutrophils in inflammation.

19. What is pus? How is it formed?

20. Write a note on fibrinous and serous inflammation.

21. Stages of wound healing.

22. Compare healing by first intention and second intention.

23. Discuss factors affecting wound healing.

24. Define regeneration and repair.

25. Role of growth factors in healing.

26. Define thrombosis. Explain Virchow's triad.

27. Write causes and complications of thrombosis.

28. Define embolism. Types and clinical relevance.

29. What is infarction? Mention types and examples.

30. Define hemorrhage. Describe types and causes.

31. Write a short note on petechiae and ecchymosis.

32. Define shock. Classify and describe hypovolemic shock.

33. Explain cardiogenic and septic shock.

34. Define hyperplasia and give examples.

35. Differentiate between benign and malignant tumors.

36. Classify tumors based on tissue origin.

37. What is anaplasia? Discuss its significance.

38. Define metastasis. Common sites and routes.

39. Explain dysplasia and carcinoma in situ.

40. Define neoplasia. How is it different from hyperplasia?

41. Write a note on tumor suppressor genes.

42. Discuss causes of cancer.

43. Describe grading and staging of tumors.

44. What is paraneoplastic syndrome?

45. Write on cachexia in cancer patients.

46. Define anemia. Classify with causes.

47. Describe iron deficiency anemia.

48. Write short note on megaloblastic anemia.

49. Define and classify bleeding disorders.

50. Write a note on hemophilia.

51. What is thrombocytopenia? Causes and effects.

52. Describe leukocytosis and leukopenia.

53. Write a note on leukemia.

54. Discuss lymphoma (Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's).

55. Define ESR and its clinical significance.

56. Structure of the heart - brief overview.

57. Define atherosclerosis. Explain its pathogenesis.

58. Risk factors for coronary artery disease.

59. Pathology of myocardial infarction.

60. Differences between angina and infarction.

61. Define and classify hypertension.

62. Effects of systemic hypertension on heart.

63. Write a note on rheumatic heart disease.

64. Define and classify COPD.

65. Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis.

66. Describe bronchial asthma and its types.

67. What is emphysema? Types and features.

68. Write about tuberculosis (brief).

69. Pneumonia - types and complications.

70. Define osteoarthritis. Causes and pathology.

71. Compare osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

72. Write about osteoporosis.

73. Define osteomyelitis.

74. Write a note on gout and uric acid metabolism.

75. Define neuropathy. Causes and types.

76. Explain Wallerian degeneration.

77. Define demyelination. Diseases associated with it.

78. Mention degenerative diseases of the CNS.

79. Define diabetes mellitus. Pathology and complications.

80. Describe diabetic foot and its management.

81. Write about insulin and glucagon imbalance.

82. Define gout. Explain its pathogenesis.

83. Mention metabolic effects of vitamin D deficiency.

84. Define autoimmune disease with examples.

85. Describe systemic lupus erythematosus.

86. Write a note on rheumatoid factor.

87. Classify hypersensitivity reactions.

88. What is amyloidosis?

89. Define teratoma.

90. Pathogenesis of peptic ulcer.

91. What is cirrhosis? Types and causes.

92. Define hepatomegaly. Causes and significance.

93. Describe types of jaundice.

94. What is nephrotic syndrome?

95. Define and classify edema.

96. Briefly explain pyogenic infection.

97. Define ulcer and types.

98. Outline steps in biopsy reporting.

99. Describe diagnostic role of FNAC.

100. Write the differences between cytology and histopathology.

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