Skip to main content

100 important Pharmacology questions for BPT 2nd Year

 


🔹 1. General Pharmacology

1. Define Pharmacology. Explain its branches.

2. What are the sources of drugs?

3. Enumerate various dosage forms with examples.

4. Classify routes of drug administration.

5. Describe advantages & disadvantages of oral route.

6. Describe parenteral routes of drug administration.

7. Explain topical drug delivery with examples.

8. Define bioavailability. Mention factors affecting it.

9. Describe drug absorption and influencing factors.

10. What is first-pass metabolism?

11. Define volume of distribution.

12. Describe drug metabolism (biotransformation).

13. Define prodrug. Give examples.

14. What are enzyme inducers and inhibitors?

15. Define drug excretion and its routes.

16. Differentiate between zero-order and first-order kinetics.

17. Define therapeutic index.

18. Write a short note on drug half-life.

19. What is plasma protein binding?

20. List factors affecting drug response.

🔹 2. Pharmacodynamics

21. Define pharmacodynamics.

22. Explain types of drug actions.

23. What are agonists and antagonists?

24. Describe drug-receptor interactions.

25. What is drug potency and efficacy?

26. Define adverse drug reactions.

27. Differentiate between side effects and toxic effects.

28. What is drug allergy?

29. What is idiosyncratic reaction?

30. Explain types of drug interactions.

🔹 3. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Drugs

31. Classify drugs affecting ANS.

32. What are cholinergic drugs? Give uses.

33. What are anticholinergic drugs? Give clinical uses.

34. Write a short note on atropine.

35. What are adrenergic drugs? Mention uses.

36. Write a note on beta-blockers.

37. What is the mechanism of alpha-blockers?

38. Discuss uses and side effects of adrenergic blockers.

39. What are ganglion blockers?

40. Mention the clinical significance of autonomic drugs in physiotherapy.

🔹 4. Somatic Nervous System

41. Classify skeletal muscle relaxants.

42. Give mechanism of action of dantrolene.

43. What are local anesthetics?

44. Differentiate between ester and amide anesthetics.

45. Write about lignocaine.

🔹 5. Cardiovascular System (CVS) Drugs

46. Classify antihypertensive drugs.

47. Write a short note on ACE inhibitors.

48. Mention side effects of captopril.

49. Describe calcium channel blockers.

50. What are diuretics? Classify with examples.

51. Discuss thiazide diuretics.

52. Mention loop diuretics and uses.

53. Classify antianginal drugs.

54. Mechanism of nitrates.

55. List drugs used in congestive heart failure.

🔹 6. Respiratory System

56. Classify antiasthmatic drugs.

57. Describe mechanism of salbutamol.

58. What are leukotriene inhibitors?

59. Write a short note on mucolytics.

60. Classify antitussives.

🔹 7. Gastrointestinal System

61. Classify antiulcer drugs.

62. Mechanism of proton pump inhibitors.

63. What are H2 receptor blockers?

64. Mention antacids and their side effects.

65. Write a note on antiemetics.

66. List laxatives and their uses.

67. What are antidiarrheals?

🔹 8. Central Nervous System (CNS) Drugs

68. Classify general anesthetics.

69. Write about ketamine and its action.

70. List intravenous anesthetics.

71. Classify antiepileptic drugs.

72. Mechanism of phenytoin.

73. Write about drugs for Parkinson’s disease.

74. What are opioids? Mention clinical uses.

75. Side effects of morphine.

76. Compare benzodiazepines and barbiturates.

77. Drugs used in depression.

78. Mechanism of SSRIs.

79. Describe antipsychotic drugs.

80. Mention uses of lithium.

🔹 9. Endocrine & Reproductive System

81. Classify insulin preparations.

82. Oral hypoglycemic drugs – mechanism and types.

83. Drugs used in hypothyroidism.

84. Write about antithyroid drugs.

85. Classify corticosteroids.

86. Mention therapeutic uses and side effects of steroids.

87. What are androgens and anabolic steroids?

88. Drugs used in menopause management.

89. Hormonal contraceptives – types and risks.

90. Mention drugs used in infertility.

🔹 10. Chemotherapy

91. Define chemotherapy and its principles.

92. Classify antibiotics.

93. Mechanism of penicillin.

94. What are cephalosporins?

95. Discuss fluoroquinolones.

96. Mention aminoglycosides and their toxicity.

97. Drugs used in tuberculosis.

98. Antifungal drugs – classification.

99. List antiviral drugs.

100. Define antiseptics and disinfectants with examples.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

First-Year BPT Study Guide: Units 1 to 4 Explained for Physiotherapy Students

  🔹 Introduction Starting your Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT) journey? The first year lays the essential groundwork for becoming a skilled physiotherapist. This blog explains the first-year BPT Units 1 to 4—key concepts that cover physiotherapy basics, anatomy, physiology, and professional ethics. Whether you're studying for exams or building your foundation, these insights are crucial for academic and clinical success. 🔹 Unit 1: Introduction to Physiotherapy Keywords: introduction to physiotherapy, first-year physiotherapy course, BPT basics In this unit, students explore the history, scope, and branches of physiotherapy. From treating joint pain to supporting neurological rehabilitation, physiotherapy offers diverse career opportunities. The profession originated in ancient times and gained formal recognition during wartime rehabilitation. Specialties include: Orthopedic physiotherapy Neurological physiotherapy Pediatric physiotherapy Cardiopulmonary physiot...
Post a Comment
Read more

🔌 Galvanic vs Faradic Currents: Key Differences for Students

 Electrotherapy is a powerful tool in physiotherapy — and two of its foundational currents are Galvanic and Faradic currents. Whether you're studying for exams or brushing up for clinical practice, here's a clear breakdown to help you understand the key differences between the two. ⚡ What Are They? 🔌 Galvanic Current Also called Direct Current (DC) , this is a continuous, unidirectional flow of electric charge. It has a constant polarity (positive and negative electrodes). Type: Continuous Direct Current (DC) Polarity: Fixed (positive/negative) Used for: Iontophoresis Wound healing Stimulation of denervated muscles 🔄 Faradic Current This is an Interrupted or Pulsed Alternating Current (AC) , with short duration and high frequency. It mimics natural nerve impulses to stimulate muscles. Type: Interrupted Pulsed AC Polarity: No fixed polarity Used for: Muscle re-education Improving muscle tone Treating muscle atrophy in parti...
Post a Comment
Read more

⚠️ Contraindications of Electrotherapy Modalities: Learn Fast

  Electrotherapy is a powerful tool in physiotherapy — but using it safely is just as important as using it effectively. Here's a fast-track guide to the contraindications of common electrotherapy modalities for students, interns, and clinicians. 🚫 What Are Contraindications? These are conditions or situations where electrotherapy should NOT be used due to risk of harm or complications. ⚡ Common Electrotherapy Modalities & Their Contraindications 🔌 1. TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) Avoid if: Patient has a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator Over pregnant abdomen or uterus Over malignant tumors Broken, infected, or anesthetic skin On carotid sinus area (risk of cardiac reflex) Epileptic patients (caution advised) 🔄 2. IFT (Interferential Therapy) Avoid if: Metal implants in the treatment area Open wounds or skin conditions Pregnancy (especially lower abdomen/lumbar) Over the eyes, carotid sinus, or chest...
Post a Comment
Read more